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covariance structure

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  • Structure formation — refers to a fundamental problem in physical cosmology. The universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a hot, dense, nearly uniform state approximately 13.7 Gyr ago. [cite journal |author=D.… …   Wikipedia

  • Structure (category theory) — In mathematics, progress often consists of recognising the same structure in different contexts so that one method exploiting it has multiple applications. In fact this is a normal way of proceeding; in the absence of recognisable structure… …   Wikipedia

  • Principle of covariance — In physics, the principle of covariance emphasizes formulation of physical laws using only those physical quantities the measurements of which the observers in different frames of reference could unambiguously correlate. Mathematically, the… …   Wikipedia

  • Principe de covariance générale — Principe de relativité Pour les articles homonymes, voir relativité …   Wikipédia en Français

  • RNA structure — The functional form of single stranded RNA molecules frequently requires a specific tertiary structure. The scaffold for this structure is provided by secondary structural elements which are hydrogen bonds within the molecule. This leads to… …   Wikipedia

  • Linear regression — Example of simple linear regression, which has one independent variable In statistics, linear regression is an approach to modeling the relationship between a scalar variable y and one or more explanatory variables denoted X. The case of one… …   Wikipedia

  • Complex normal distribution — In probability theory, the family of complex normal distributions consists of complex random variables whose real and imaginary parts are jointly normal.[1] The complex normal family has three parameters: location parameter μ, covariance matrix Γ …   Wikipedia

  • Normal distribution — This article is about the univariate normal distribution. For normally distributed vectors, see Multivariate normal distribution. Probability density function The red line is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function …   Wikipedia

  • Discrete choice — In economics, discrete choice problems involve choices between two or more discrete alternatives, such as entering or not entering the labor market, or choosing between modes of transport. Such choices contrast with standard consumption models in …   Wikipedia

  • Random field — A random field is a generalization of a stochastic process such that the underlying parameter need no longer be a simple real, but can instead be a multidimensional vector space or even a manifold.At its most basic, discrete case, a random field… …   Wikipedia

  • Gramian matrix — In linear algebra, the Gramian matrix (or Gram matrix or Gramian) of a set of vectors v 1,dots, v n in an inner product space is the symmetric matrix of inner products, whose entries are given by G {ij}=(v i|v j).An important application is to… …   Wikipedia

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